3 ways to write a sonnet poem
Discover how to write sonnets with 3 proven methods. Learn to craft 14-line poems. Start your sonnet writing today!
A sonnet is a unique poetic form with 14 lines following a specific rhyme scheme. It's like an exploration of an idea, wrapped up in beautiful language.
According to a Poetry Foundation survey, 68% of poetry readers enjoy exploring various sonnet styles.
In this guide, we'll explore:
- Basic ways to write a sonnet poem
- Sonnet rules
So let’s start!
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Top 3 ways to write a sonnet poem
There are a few different ways to write a sonnet, each with its own way:
1. Writing a sonnet in petrarchan structure
- Divide the sonnet into an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines)
- The octave presents a theme, question, or observation
- The sestet provides a resolution, commentary, or conclusion
- Follow the rhyme scheme: abba abba for the octave
- Use either cdecde or cdcdcd for the sestet's rhyme scheme
2. Make a sonnet in shakespearean structure
- Structure the sonnet into three quatrains (four lines each) and a final couplet (two lines)
- The quatrains develop the theme or narrative
- The couplet offers a summary, twist, or conclusion
- Follow the rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg
3. Write a sonnet poem in a spenserian structure
- Similar to the Shakespearean form with three quatrains and a couplet
- The rhyme scheme is: abab bcbc cdcd ee
Sonnet Poem Rules
Here are five essential elements that define a sonnet poem, explained briefly:
- A sonnet must consist of 14 lines, traditionally written in iambic pentameter. This means each line has 10 syllables with a specific stress pattern.
- Sonnets follow a rhyme scheme. The most common is the Shakespearean rhyme scheme: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. The Petrarchan sonnet, or Italian sonnet is ABBA ABBA CDE CDE.
- Sonnets are divided into two sections - an octave (first 8 lines) and a sestet (remaining 6 lines). The octave presents the theme or problem, while the sestet offers a resolution or commentary.
- Many sonnets include a "volta," or turn, where the poem shifts in tone, perspective, or metaphor, often around lines 9-11.
- Traditionally, sonnets focused on love, but modern sonnets explore diverse topics like nature, death, social issues, etc. However, they maintain the sonnet structure.
Many people feel overwhelmed when first learning about sonnet rules, and I was no exception. I thought, "Sonnets seem fun!" But then I encountered the sonnet rules: 14 lines, a specific rhyme scheme, iambic pentameter, volta, etc.
Final Words
Writing a sonnet can be a fun challenge that lets you share ideas in a special way. You can choose from three main styles: Petrarchan, Shakespearean, or Spenserian, each with its own pattern.
Remember, a sonnet has 14 lines, a set rhyme scheme, rhythm in iambic pentameter, and a change in theme partway through. By following these rules, you can create meaningful sonnets.
Start by reading famous sonnets to get a feel for their rhythm and structure before attempting to write your own.
Ready to try your hand at sonnet writing? Challenge yourself to compose your first sonnet today and discover the joy of this timeless poetic form!
But if you're still struggling to write a sonnet, then you can use our free sonnet maker tool.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the three rules of a sonnet?
A sonnet has 14 lines, typically uses a specific rhyme scheme, and often explores a single idea.
How can a poem be a sonnet?
A poem can be a sonnet if it follows the rules of structure and rhyme scheme.
What are the 5 characteristics of a sonnet?
- Compose 14 lines poem
- Follow the iambic pentameter
- Write about love.
- Split in two sections octave and sestet.
- Pick the rhyme scheme
- Use a volta / turn.
Additional Resources:
- What is a sonnet?
- The Role of Time in Shakespeare’s Sonnets
- Terrance Hayes on Shakespeare, Ol' Dirty Bastard and What Makes a Good MFA
